The landscape of novel antidiabetic drugs in diabetic HFpEF: relevant mechanisms and clinical implications

Table 4 The role of DPP4i in diabetic HFpEF

DPP4i	Subjects	Follow-up period	Main findings	References
Sitagliptin and linagliptin	761,349 T2DM patients	435.1 days	Statistically lowered risk for HHF	[98]
Saxagliptin	16,492 patients with T2DM and a history of cardiovascular events	2.1 years	Increased the rate of HHF, but did not increase or decrease the rate of ischemic events	[99]
Sitagliptin	T2DM-induced LV dysfunction mouse	8 weeks	Decreased LV passive stiffness and ameliorated global LV performance	[100]
Sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and anagliptin	6,023 patients with HF and DM	NA	Attenuated all-cause mortality in female HF patients and HFpEF patients	[101]
Sitagliptin, vildagliptin, teneligliptin, alogliptin, linagliptin and anagliptin	797 patients with DM and HF (included 17 diabetic HFpEF)	423 days	Improved cardiovascular outcomes in DM patients with HFpEF	[102]
Saxagliptin	74,737 participants with HF	NA	Significantly increased risk of HF	[103]

DPP4i dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors; HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus; HHF hospitalization for heart failure; HF heart failure; NA not available; LV left ventricular; DM diabetes mellitus

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