Fig. 3
The relevant mechanisms of the novel antidiabetic drugs in diabetic HFpEF through mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and ferroptosis. Novel antidiabetic drugs mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis, as well as promoted autophagy by activating Xc−/GSH/GPX4 axis and SIRT3-mediated autophagic pathway, or by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad pathway, ultimately improving diabetic HFpEF