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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of total participants

From: Use of an insulin titration protocol based on continuous glucose monitoring in postoperative cardiac surgery patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial

 

Total

(n = 52)

POC

(n = 25)

CGM

(n = 27)

P value

Age, year

63.8 ± 10.8

64.3 ± 10.3

63.4 ± 11.5

0.765

Male, n

27 (51.9)

11 (44.0)

16 (59.3)

0.411

Body mass index, kg/m2

25.5 ± 3.4

25.5 ± 3.3

25.5 ± 3.6

0.970

Weight, kg

65.8 ± 11.0

64.7 ± 10.6

66.8 ± 11.5

0.514

Hypertension, n

43 (82.7)

21 (84.0)

22 (81.5)

 > 0.999

Diabetes or prediabetes

   

 > 0.999

Diabetes, n

31 (59.6)

15 (60.0)

16 (59.3)

 

Prediabetes, n

21 (40.4)

10 (40.0)

11 (40.7)

 

Dyslipidemia, n

47 (90.4)

22 (88.0)

25 (92.6)

0.928

Atrial fibrillation, n

18 (34.6)

7 (28.0)

11 (40.7)

0.501

Hemodialysis, n

2 (3.8)

1 (4.0)

1 (3.7)

 > 0.999

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

127.9 ± 19.0

130.1 ± 17.6

125.9 ± 20.2

0.431

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

71.0 ± 11.9

72.2 ± 11.5

69.9 ± 12.3

0.495

HbA1c, %

6.3 ± 1.3

6.4 ± 1.7

6.1 ± 0.7

0.435

HbA1c, mmol/mol

45.1 ± 13.9

46.7 ± 18.3

43.6 ± 8.1

0.435

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

1.0 ± 1.1

1.1 ± 1.3

1.0 ± 0.9

0.750

Estimated GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

82.9 ± 26.4

80.4 ± 25.8

85.1 ± 27.3

0.526

CRP, mg/dL

2.9 ± 11.2

3.6 ± 15.4

2.2 ± 5.3

0.653

C peptide (fasting), ng/mL

2.6 ± 1.9

2.5 ± 1.8

2.6 ± 1.9

0.870

C peptide (2 h prandial), ng/mL

11.0 ± 6.5

11.1 ± 6.7

11.0 ± 6.5

0.937

EURO score

1.8 ± 1.3

1.6 ± 1.2

2.0 ± 1.3

0.202

STS score

2.6 ± 1.8

2.5 ± 1.8

2.7 ± 1.8

0.655

Anti-diabetic medications

Metformin, n

14 (26.9)

8 (32.0)

6 (22.2)

0.630

Sulfonylurea, n

7 (13.5)

4 (16.0)

3 (11.1)

0.913

DPP4 inhibitor, n

9 (17.3)

3 (12.0)

6 (22.2)

0.544

SGLT2 inhibitor, n

8 (15.4)

5 (20.0)

3 (11.1)

0.615

TZD, n

3 (5.8)

2 (8.0)

1 (3.7)

0.945

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor, n

1 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

1 (3.7)

 > 0.999

Insulin, n

4 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

4 (14.8)

0.138

GLP-1 receptor agonist, n

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 > 0.999

ICU stay during the study period, days (%)

3.3 ± 2.1

(47.0 ± 30.6)

3.0 ± 1.8

(42.3 ± 25.9)

3.6 ± 2.4

(51.3 ± 34.4)

0.292

Postoperative day of MDI transition

   

0.043

POD 1, n

26 (50.0)

12 (48.0)

14 (51.9)

 

POD 2–3, n

21 (40.4)

13 (52.0)

8 (29.6)

 

POD ≥ 4, n

5 (9.6)

0 (0.0)

5 (18.5)

 
  1. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or n (%)
  2. Abbreviations: CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; CRP, C-reactive protein; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; EURO, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; MDI, multiple daily injection; POC, point-of-care; POD, post-operative day; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TZD, thiazolidinedione
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840