Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients involved in this study

Age (years)

30.9 ± 1.1

(23.2–40.9)

33.4 ± 0.7

(24.3–40.0)

0.0686

Height (cm)

165.6 ± 1.6

(152.0- 176.0)

161.5 ± 1.0

(148.0- 175.0)

0.0265*

Pre-pregnancy weight (kg)

81.7 ± 2.8

(60.0- 110.7)

78.8 ± 2.5

(55.5–115.0)

0.4521

Pre- pregnancy BMI (kg/m²)

29.7 ± 0.9

(26.2–42.1)

30.0 ± 0.7

(23.4–38.1)

0.7540

Delivery weight (kg)

93.8 ± 3.2

(70.0- 125.3)

86.9 ± 2.8

(67.5- 135.6)

0.1266

Delivery BMI (kg/m²)

34.4 ± 1.0

(29.5–46.1)

33.2 ± 0.8

(26.67–45.72)

0.3881

Weight gain

12.1 ± 4.3

(9.6–18.7)

8.1 ± 3.8

(6.8–16.1)

0.0006

Gestational age (weeks)

39.9 ± 0.3

(36.4–41.4)

38.4 4 ± 0.3

(33.0- 40.5)

0.0003

Fasting OGTT (mmol L⁻¹)

4.6 ± 0.1

(4.0–5.0)

5.3 ± 0.1

(4.1–6.7)

< 0.0001

1 h OGTT (mmol L⁻¹)

7.6 ± 0.3

(5.9–9.4)

10.5 ± 0.4

(5.0- 15.7)

< 0.0001

2 h OGTT (mmol L⁻¹)

5.9 ± 0.3

(3.2–7.5)

8.75 ± 0.4

(5.4–17.5)

< 0.0001

Fetal variables

Placental weight (g)

712.4 ± 23.9

(478.0- 990.0)

639.8 ± 25.7

(370.0- 870.0)

0.0449

Birth weight (g)

3526.0 ± 106.8

(2616.0- 4230.0)

3449 ± 84.03

(1997.0- 4346.0)

0.5732

Fetal gender (Male/ Female

11/9

19/17

NA