Table 2 Characteristics of coronary artery plaques detected by CCTA by TyG index quartile

Per patient

Plaque type, n (%)

Calcified plaque

320(62%)

318(62%)

308(60%)

295(57%)

Mixed plaque

266(52%)

298(58%)

295(57%)

288(56%)

Noncalcified plaque

227(44%)

236(46%)

240(47%)

253(49%)

High-risk Plaque Feature, n (%)

Low-Attenuation Noncalcified Plaque

62(12.1%)

89(17.3%)^a

94(18.3%)^a

96(18.7%) ^a

Positive remodeling

75(14.6%)

117(22.8%)^a

116(22.6%)^a

120(23.3%)^a

Spotty Calcification

64(12.5%)

69(13.4%)

86(16.7%)

74(14.4%)

Napkin-Ring sign

8(1.6%)

7(1.4%)

16(3.1%)

16(3.1%)

Vulnerable Plaque, n (%)

64(12.5%)

105(20.4%)^a

114(22.2%)^a

127(24.7%)^a

MVD, n (%)

43(6.0%)

48(6.7%)

49(6.8%)

57(8.0%)

Per segment

Plaque type,

Calcified plaque

1.96 ± 2.30

1.70 ± 2.13^a

1.51 ± 1.90^a

1.44 ± 1.81^a

Mixed plaque

1.55 ± 2.15

1.86 ± 2.38

1.97 ± 2.64^a

2.02 ± 2.75^a

Noncalcified plaque

0.73 ± 1.04

0.87 ± 1.29

0.88 ± 1.24^a

0.94 ± 1.27^a

Stenosis caused by plaques

Obstructive Stenosis

1.33 ± 2.23

1.46 ± 2.21

1.50 ± 2.44

1.55 ± 2.50

Nonobstructive Stenosis

2.90 ± 2.31

2.97 ± 2.28

2.88 ± 2.29

2.84 ± 2.24

High-risk plaque feature

Low-attenuation noncalcified plaque

0.18 ± 0.56

0.28 ± 0.74^a

0.32 ± 0.85^a

0.33 ± 0.85^a

Positive remodeling

0.22 ± 0.71

0.34 ± 0.76

0.35 ± 0.82^a

0.35 ± 0.78^a

Spotty calcification

0.20 ± 0.61

0.19 ± 0.55

0.28 ± 0.81

0.22 ± 0.67

Napkin-ring sign

0.02 ± 0.16

0.01 ± 0.12

0.04 ± 0.25^b

0.04 ± 0.26^b

Vulnerable plaque

0.12 ± 0.44

0.22 ± 0.65^a

0.25 ± 0.71^a

0.23 ± 0.65^a

Extent of the coronary plaque

SIS

8.83 ± 8.85

9.51 ± 8.78

9.43 ± 9.67

9.51 ± 9.72

SSS

4.23 ± 3.38

4.43 ± 3.32

4.36 ± 3.47

4.39 ± 3.46