Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population by TyG index quartile

Variables clinical parameters

Age, years

70.44 ± 9.71

69.25 ± 9.33

68.43 ± 10.44^a

65.54 ± 11.29 ^abc

Male, n (%)

329(64%)

310(60%)

315(61%)

320(62%)

Height, cm

162.7 ± 8.30

162.54 ± 8.59

162.35 ± 9.53

162.63 ± 10.93

Weight, kg

62.84 ± 10.90

64.45 ± 12.19 ^a

65.91 ± 12.43^a

69.52 ± 14.39 ^abc

BMI, kg/m²

23.66 ± 3.22

24.31 ± 3.65

25.49 ± 16.09^a

27.52 ± 23.05 ^abc

SBP, mmHg

136.21 ± 19.74

136.05 ± 19.66

137.25 ± 19.84

138.04 ± 19.9

DBP, mmHg

77.19 ± 11.46

78.21 ± 11.85

79.77 ± 12.21^ab

82.12 ± 12.14 ^abc

Hypertension, n (%)

242(47%)

236(46%)

250(49%)

263(51%)

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

173(34%)

240(47%) ^a

306(60%) ^ab

430(84%) ^abc

Symptomatic CVD

95(18%)

91(18%)

94(18%)

96(19%)

Smoking history

188(37%)

172(33%)

209(41%)

189(37%)

Drinking history

129(25%)

130(25%)

146(28%)

140(27%)

Use of statin, n (%)

237(46%)

200(39%)^a

193(38%) ^a

218(42%)

Use of antidiabetic agents (n%)

356(68%)

344(67%)

372(72%)

366(71%)

Biguanides, n (%)

141(27%)

140(26%)

157(31%)

161(31%)

Insuin, n (%)

141(27%)

136(26%)

158(31%)

149(29%)

α-Glucosidase inhibitor, n (%)

117(23%)

101(20%)

102(20%)

76(15%) ^a

Other oral, n (%)

142(28%)

110(23%)

118(23%)

85(17%) ^a

Biochemical parameters

TyG index

8.19 ± 0.28

8.74 ± 0.12^a

9.16 ± 0.13^ab

9.91 ± 0.44 ^abc

Glycemia, mg/dl

102.04 ± 23.96

117.88 ± 24.10^a

128.62 ± 28.10^ab

142.35 ± 28.15 ^abc

TG, mg/dl

73.39 ± 20.43

103.52 ± 22.31^a

137.46 ± 32.74^ab

244.03 ± 109.41 ^abc

TC, mmol/L

3.63 ± 0.97

3.96 ± 1.00^a

4.18 ± 1.18^ab

4.56 ± 1.15 ^abc

HDL, mg/dl

1.29 ± 0.36

1.20 ± 0.33^a

1.11 ± 0.33^ab

0.98 ± 0.28 ^abc

LDL, mg/dl

2.02 ± 0.79

2.31 ± 0.87^a

2.50 ± 1.01^ab

2.57 ± 0.95^ab

UREA, mg/dl

6.12 ± 3.15

6.00 ± 2.64

6.42 ± 4.10

6.43 ± 4.68

Cr, mg/dl

83.79 ± 72.15

82.08 ± 60.48

88.29 ± 71.72

89.55 ± 77.15

CysC, mg/dl

1.14 ± 0.68

1.17 ± 0.76

1.21 ± 0.83

1.22 ± 0.90

CK, IU/L

100.85 ± 106.13

111.06 ± 196.74

116.31 ± 243.85

96.34 ± 110.29

LDH, IU/L

175.77 ± 50.30

179.36 ± 61.20

180.88 ± 63.42

173.55 ± 53.02